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The Horns of Dilemmas of School Leaders

Critical Personal and Professional Dilemmas Facing School Leaders

Dr. Frank Calzi
Associate Professor
Niagara University
Niagara University, New York 14109
U.S.A.

Presentation: Second Annual International Leadership Conference
University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany 10/07/08


On the "horns of dilemmas"one of the most difficult issues facing today's school leaders is their ability to lead and manage conflicting often contradictory strategies for resolving problems. This presentation given at the second annual International Leadership Conference held at the University of Muenster, Muenster Germany highlights 10 dilemmas that most often erect personal and interpersonal barriers for leadership survival.

The 10 dilemmas addressed as questions are as follows: ( SEE PDF FILE FOR FULL TRANSCRIPT OF THIS PRESENTATION UNDER " REFERENCE MATERIAL" ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PAGE ).

1. Is it best to centralize and control the process or is it best to decentralize and empower others to assume responsibility?

2. Is the personal cost too high in terms of the dilemma of dealing with one's family issues while trying to meet the time and stress demands of leadership?

3. Is it sometimes better and more humane to tell a half - truth to protect faculty interests and school building leadership as well as the school organization one represents?

4. Is it possible to provide greater latitude of freedom for some school building leaders yet maintain structure for others who need it within the climate of change?

5. Does implementing even the smallest of change frequently result in suspicion of your motive as a leader?

6. Is it critical to understand the difference between leadership amd management and be able to put into practice one or the other when necessary?

7. Is it critical for school leader job security to focus on short term improvements in areas like student achievement test scores rather than implementing comprehensive quality student - centered programs?

8. As a future/current school leader are you authentically motivating your teams to accomplish school goals or are you really manipulating people to get results you deem most appropriate for your own survival?

9. Do you readily and too often accept the role of school problem - solver and decision maker or do you facilitate others to solve their own problems so as to foster less dependence on you as the building decider?

10. Is it best for the school leader to promote consensus decision - making on the part of building teams or is it best to support dynamic tension that results in conflict but perhaps more meaningful resolutions?

IF YOU WISH TO PARTICIPATE IN A DISCUSSION OF ONE OF THESE DILEMMAS, FIRST READ THE FULL TRANSCRIPT OF THIS PRESENTATION THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE PDF FILE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS "LESSON" ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PAGE. IF YOU WISH, THEN RESPOND TO ANY OF THE SEVERAL GUIDING QUESTIONS POSTED FOR THE ONE DILEMMA SELECTED FOR DISCUSSION (FOUND IN THE DISCUSSION SECTION). THE PLAN IS TO PERIODICALLY POST ONE DILEMMA FOR DISCUSSION AT A TIME. TO BEGIN THE DISCUSSION I HAVE SELECTED DILEMMA 3-- TRUTH VS. VARNISHED TRUTH: " Is it somtimes better and more humane to tell a half-truth rather than the whole truth to protect faculty interests and school building leadership as well as the school organization one represents? SEE GUIDING QUESTIONS IN THE DISCUSSION SECTION.


  1. dstirton saidFri, 17 Apr 2009 03:29:38 -0000 ( Link )

    This is a hard question to answer because in real life extremes at each end of the spectrum, centralization versus decentralization don’t work. It is not whether we use either one but how we blend them together. Due to power being consolidated at the top of the organization, risk is great if the top of the organization becomes incapable of leading the organization (death, illness, or poor leadership skills). Employees also will feel less motivated to perform for the organization as they will not have an avenue for sharing their ideas on how to improve the organization.

    On the other hand decentralization allows organizations to take advantage of division of labor by sharing decision-making across the organization. It also empowers employees and allows them to improve their performance by being able to act to improve areas immediately without approval from the top of the organization. This approach sets standards for valuing the first hand knowledge and experience of others. However, too much decentralization can lead to chaos, eventually there is no structure or boundaries to work in …. Everyone is doing their own thing.

    In order for an organization to flourish there must be a clear vision, top down (centralization) with parameters for the organization. Within these parameters we need decentralization – individuals work better when they feel appreciated, have choices, are valued for their efforts, experience and loyalty. As the saying goes when we give power away we gain power.

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  2. dstirton saidFri, 17 Apr 2009 04:07:13 -0000 ( Link )

    3. Is it sometimes better and more humane to tell a half – truth to protect faculty interests and school building leadership as well as the school organization one represents?

    What a dilemma! I always believe it is better to tell the truth rather than get caught up in a lie. As a leader you need to have integrity and a sense of fairness. However, I think there are times when we need to protect the integrity of others or organizations, I’m not suggesting that you down right lie, but being vague or simply not offering information to protect another persons ego can be beneficial. You need to use tact and diplomacy in blurting out hurtful information. Again, a dilemma. I don’t have a cut and dry answer for this one. Every situation will call for different measures.

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  3. dgillis saidThu, 23 Apr 2009 19:51:15 -0000 ( Link )

    Denise I agree, “Thall shall not lie,” however thall shall use as much tact and sensitivity as possible. Integrity and sensitivity are ofthen a difficult balance. Sometimes seeking moreinformation when asked for an opinion can help in difficult situations or when one finds oneself with a dilems.

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  4. dstirton saidFri, 24 Apr 2009 01:49:34 -0000 ( Link )

    Dan You are good. So when you wife asks you “do I look fat in this” I can see you easy no how to use tact and sensitivity when needed. Good job! But on the serious side these skills are a must for a school leaders if they want to build positive relationships with others.

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